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Comfort and Class: Appraising thermal comfort across the social hierarchy of Georgian society. A case study of No. 1 Royal Crescent, Bath

Part 2 Dissertation 2025
Rhys Bennett
University of Liverpool | UK
The study uses air temperature and humidity data (Dec 2023–Dec 2024) to reconstruct the as built thermal conditions of No.1 Royal Crescent, Bath, now restored to its Georgian state. Serving as a testbed, the house enables investigation into perceptions of thermal comfort in 18th-century Britain. By combining archival research, environmental modelling, and socio-cultural analysis, the study examines how comfort was experienced across social classes. It models radiative heat from fireplaces and window apertures, alongside other environmental factors, to build a nuanced thermal profile. Despite limited building science knowledge at the time, the house’s design effectively regulated its internal climate while staying connected to the outdoors. Six key rooms (three for the family and three for servants) are analysed comparatively, revealing that thermal comfort was one of the few shared experiences in a socially stratified society. The research highlights how historic thermal strategies can inform modern architectural discourse, particularly in the face of today’s environmental challenges.

Tutor(s)
Ranald Lawrence
2025
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